![]() The scientists looked for two things: tracking the early cases and evolution of the two lineages. One of those became the pandemic and the other one died out.īut would mean that there would have to have been two introductions from a laboratory, versus an outbreak going on among animals and then spilling over multiple times to people. There were also other indicators: There were two lineages-or two separate variants-of SARS-CoV-2 that were circulating in the early days of the pandemic. Even though the market and the laboratory are both in Wuhan, they are in different parts of the city separated by a river. Three-quarters of the early cases had some association with the market and none had an association with the laboratory. What do we know about what happened at this animal market? People thought that it came from lab.īut the evidence shows that the market was definitely the culprit, just as in 2003, when a live animal market led to the emergence of SARS-a smaller pandemic, but nonetheless very concerning. The reason why people thought that it wasn’t the market was because the Wuhan Virology Institute-a laboratory where scientists study coronaviruses-is in the same city. There has been a lot of evidence up to this point that the seafood market was the epicenter of SARS-CoV-2, but these recent reports are the death knell for any alternative theories. Why was the origin of SARS-CoV-2 in question? On the August 12 episode of Public Health On Call, biosecurity and immunology expert Gigi Gronvall, PhD, a senior scholar at the Center for Health Security and the author of “ The Contested Origin of SARS-CoV-2 ”, discussed the findings and their critical importance for finally putting many of the early theories to rest, as well as future implications for policy, biological research, and public health surveillance. Finger-pointing, politics, and mis- and disinformation soured the discussion, but researchers have continued to prod for answers.Ī recent report in Science confirmed that a natural spillover emergence from a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.Until recently, there were multiple theories about the origins of SARS-CoV-2. Bat CoV RaTG13 Showed high sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS- CoV) SARS- related coronavirus (SARSr- CoV) the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS- CoV) porcine enteric diarrhea virus (PEDV) Wuhan seafood market pneumonia (Wuhan-Hu-1). ![]() This tree is based on the published trees of Coronavirinae, and reconstructed with sequences of the complete RNA- dependent RNA polymerase- coding region of the representative novel coronaviruses (maximum likelihood method using MEGA 7.2 software). Subgroup clusters are labeled as 1a and 1b for the Alphacoronavirus and 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d for the Betacoronavirus. The viruses are grouped into four genera (prototype shown): Alphacoronavirus (sky blue), Betacoronavirus (pink), Gammacoronavirus (green) and Deltacoronavirus (light blue). Phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses (content in red is the latest addition of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 and WSFMP Wuhan-Hu-1 is used as a reference in the tree) The phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of Wuhan-Hu-1 (denoted as red) to selected coronavirus is based on nucleotide sequences of the complete genome. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Cairo University. We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak.ĬOVID-19 Coronaviruses Origin Outbreak Spread. ![]() ![]() In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. ![]()
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